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For some, even those momentary events that make up the flow of the world are understood to be empty of inherent existence (the idea of inherent existence is understood differently in different traditions) to the point that what one sees in the enlightenment experience is the ultimate emptiness (sunyata) of all things.
The Yogācāra offers good reasons to show that the contents of consciousness are conditioned and therefore are empty of inherent existence, but they fail to appreciate that exactly the same can be said of awareness itself.
He asserts that it is enough, when proving that any given subject is empty of intrinsic existence, to lead the interlocutor, through reasoning, to the unwelcome consequences (prasaṅga) in their own untenable position; it is not necessary to demonstrate the thesis based on reasoning that presupposes any sort of intrinsic (=autonomous) existence.
To complicate this further, a tradition may include a number of graded philosophies in order to move the practitioner towards the experience of how reality actually is (empty of inherent existence), with the aim of eventually realizing this without further need for the prop of a philosophical structure (eventuating in enlightenment) [ 67].
As it has developed in European literature and art, Nature "is an arbitrary rhetorical construct, empty of independent, genuine existence behind or beyond the texts we create about it" (Morton 22) What, then, is Nature?
Physicists have since interpreted lambda as a quantum-mechanical effect: that the evanescent particles that flicker in and out of existence in "empty" space provide a well of energy that gives space its springiness, shoving it apart.
And all that re- mained was this endless argument with oneself — this pointless litigation of existence before an empty bench.
And all that re- ** *** ** mained was this endless argument with oneself — this pointless litigation of existence before an empty bench.
For one, it follows that denials of existence cannot be made with empty names: "Odysseus never existed" is neither true nor false.
According to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, one of the pillars of this paradoxical world, empty space can never be considered really empty; subatomic particles can flit in and out of existence on energy borrowed from energy fields.
What is perhaps most interesting about the hollow, empty-jar existence of eighteen are the e-mails that hundreds of individuals — real people with Facebook accounts, and provided phone numbers, and other hallmarks of actual personhood — mistakenly sent to the account when intending to communicate with someone else.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com