E i,t is the log of employment variable (employment-to-population ratio) of the relevant group e.g., young adult workers employed in urban (county) units divided by the urban working age population (15 64) for county i in year t; MW i,t and MW i,t−1 are the log of minimum wage index variables (minimum-to-average-wage ratio) for county i in year t and year t-1, respectively.
Conditions of employment are as variable as the individual employers are - from respectful and considerate all the way to criminally abusive.
After this differencing, a negative value of the employment variable indicates "economic decline" since it captures an unexpected fall in employment, controlling for seasonality and trend, relative to employment in the previous month.
In studies on remarriage, the factor of employment is another variable that also receives a noticeable amount of attention in addition to the aspects of income and education.
All analyses were adjusted for age, instrument group, number of playing years on main instrument, and had orchestra of employment as cluster variable.
All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, number of playing years on main instrument, and had orchestra of employment as cluster variable.
All analyses were adjusted for gender, age, number of playing years on main instrument, and had orchestra of employment as cluster variable.
The construction of latent variables and employment of structural equation modelling enables the testing of associations of "true" variables with errors partialled out [ 23].
In order to account for the multiple sick leaves, sick leaves of different duration, and each individual's level of employment, the variables for sick leave in each category were defined as a ratio (0 100%) of days lost to sick leave to the number of potential working days.
We define entrepreneurs as individuals who answered yes to the question "Have you ever been self-employed since you arrived in Ireland?" Table 2 Summary statistics of key variables, by employment type Variable Ent.
