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Rather, it is much more empirically valid to approach patterns of health disparities by focusing on external or environmental factors.
Few literary scholars appreciate the fact that they labor in a field that lacks "empirically valid hypotheses," or perhaps they prefer it that way.
"The imaginations of literary researchers are allowed to run wild, and theories like deconstruction and Lacanian psychoanalysis are selected not because of their effectiveness in generating empirically valid hypotheses, but because people just happen to like them".
Our new data provides an empirically valid estimate of the time spent on these activities, allowing us to reconcile differences between previous measures of oversight.
Objective: To describe empirically valid and clinically meaningful types of alcohol use among persons with recent traumatic brain or spinal cord injury.
Compared to empirically valid models, conventional models will also estimate (a) lower timber prices, higher harvests and substantially higher inventory for softwood species; and (b) higher prices, lower harvests, and higher inventory for hardwood species.
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Due to its sensitive nature, tax compliance is difficult to study empirically, and valid information on tax evasion is rare.
To do this effectively and empirically, a valid and reliable measure that can distinguish the key obesogenic elements in specific environments, is needed.
This threshold is therefore neither MIC, which can be estimated empirically from valid anchors (such as correctly functioning transition questions), nor the minimally detectable change, which can be estimated from a variety of distribution methods (although we favour the method described in Additional File 1[ 20, 32]), but a hybrid of these two properties.
An empirically grounded, universally valid judgment on the impact of e-cigarettes may be difficult to attain.
Analogously in Zsyntax we start with reactants and, by using empirically and logically valid rules, we reach the product of the reaction, i.e. we have deductions where the premises represent the reactants (the initial aggregate) and the conclusion represents the (aggregate of the) products.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com