The models for cross-sectoral networks are theoretically based, focused on factors which are changeable and use indicators which are empirically checked in an easy way.
They seem causally inert and so not the sort of thing that we could check empirically.
Recent methodological advances in discrete choice analysis in combination with certain stated choice experiments have allowed researchers to check empirically the identification of the distribution of latent variables such as the value of travel time (VTT).
Having data on one hospital only, we have not been able to check empirically the amount of clustering of safety attitudes at the hospital level, but, as indicated by Sexton, Helmreich, Neilands et al. [ 4], there probably are hospital-specific patient safety cultures.
To evaluate whether a data vector y seems to come from a specific distribution, i.e. to check calibration empirically, a histogram of all PIT values can be plotted and checked for uniformity [ 28, 29, 33].
The peak intensity of diagnostic ions (normalized to 0 999) was empirically determined by checking representative MS/MS spectra in each lipid class, and the intensity was shared among all lipids in the same class.
If the basic theory is given in a few papers (Gómez and Maravall 1994, 2001a, b, and others), and can be checked empirically, some of the more sophisticated features like the selection of the canonical decomposition, the derivation of the Wiener-Kolmogorov filters, revisions, and the various diagnostics are more difficult to grasp.
All P values from regression analyses were also checked empirically by means of a bootstrap as well as a permutation procedure.
To empirically investigate this possibility, we check whether estimated η are sensitive to the inclusion of our rich set of disease and patient characteristics.
Researchers must check the tiers' difficulties empirically during validation and use.
