Relevant analytical, numerical, and semi-empirical techniques are discussed, with a particular focus on how the main differences between lighter-than-air and heavier-than-air aircraft have been addressed in the modeling.
Besides, to our knowledge, one widely used empirical technique was the "hangover" scheme.
Structural equation modeling, a powerful empirical technique, is used to determine the relationships between variables.
Additionally, a semi-empirical technique is employed to include the surge mode to overcome one of the strip theory two-dimensional simplifications.
A combination of curve-fitting, zonation algorithms, and empirical classification techniques are used to show that, although the long profile of the Lower Mississippi River is concave at the largest scale, the profile is characterised by discontinuities, shorter trends and zonal variations in the amplitude and wavelength of pool crossing morphology.
This finding has important implications for tree generation and interpretation in the absence of sufficient genomic sequence information, since empirical forensic techniques are often used for tree prediction.
Empirical Bayes estimation techniques are used.
The first relies on empirical techniques that are based mainly on trial and error, and what is perceived to be the 'art' of crystallisation.
Most of the existing vibration transfer path analysis techniques are empirical which are suitable for diagnosis and troubleshooting purpose.
Thus, while human-factors engineering aims at substituting scientific method for guesswork, its specific techniques are usually empirical rather than theoretical.
Recent empirical research reveals that certain KA techniques are significantly more efficient than others in helping to extract certain types of knowledge within specific problem domains.
