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Alternatively, statistical occupancy modelling estimates the observation generating mechanism often based on empirical samples.
But characteristics are selected from infinite possibilities and types defined that resemble empirical specimens only after examination of empirical samples.
Problems include lack of precision and consistency in description, disagreement about what constitutes essential characteristics, and change in type definition as more empirical samples are found.
Unlike most related research that assumes known distributions of source observations, we assume that only a set of empirical samples is available.
This kind of studies provides valuable insights into social dynamics, however, on basis of small empirical samples and a low degree of standardization.
Kernel machines tackle the problem of pattern recognition by exploiting the so-called kernel trick [32]: empirical samples are projected in a high-dimensional Hilbert space, where the mapping function is easier to retrieve.
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And while it may be specious to build a theory on an empirical sample of two, the experience of belonging to such a counterintuitive migration seems to produce writers preoccupied with places and the spaces in between them.
The percentage variance explained by the empirical sample-plot level model of ABC was 50%.
Instead, component reliability has to be estimated using empirical sample data.
In the simulation experiment, we explore the optimal labor flows predicted by our model in a particular empirical sample.
For example, the Stieltjes transform of the empirical sample eigenvalue distribution will become infinite at the sample eigenvalues and real valued anywhere else.
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