Exact(6)
This paper presents an empirical reliability model, called PRESS (Predictor of Reliability for Energy-Saving Schemes).
Empirical reliability functions are obtained initially from multiple stress-life experiments designed to identify the statistical distributions that best describe the measured variabilities in fatigue life.
Particularly, the investigation points out that computation of the dynamic reliability essentially involves dealing with infinite-dimensional correlation information and that is why the widely-used out-crossing process theory could be only an approximate and somewhat empirical reliability evaluation rather than an exact approach.
Presumably, Burge takes us not to have access to background knowledge of empirical reliability, since we can not generally articulate that knowledge in defense.
The extent and strength of first-person warrant rests ultimately on the empirical reliability of such reports, just as the warrant of observation reports does.
Marginal (empirical) reliability was estimated by calculating the ratio of the average of the squared standard errors of observed expected a-posteriori (EAP) scores over the observed EAP score variance, and subtracting that ratio from one.
Similar(54)
Empirical reliabilities of samples were estimated by the arrayWeights function, which gave each sample a weight score accordingly.
Instead of using Equations 2 and 3, empirical reliabilities from genetic evaluations, when available, can be substituted into Equation 1.
Recently, various empirical travel time reliability studies [4, 11, 17] and Asakura [2] have extensively used travel time distribution as a tool for developing various reliability indices such as Planning Time (95%% travel time), Buffer Time Index and Planning Time Index [14].
Overall, the finding that students from two schools of similar banding level demonstrated similar performance on the two assessment task types provides empirical support for reliability and fairness of the SBA as a component in the public assessment of the English language subject at the secondary level in Hong Kong.
The focus on psychopathology is not incompatible with empirical rigor and reliability.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com