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Our results resolve the empirical divergence between the past fMRI explorations of SF processing in face-preferring cortical regions.
The empirical divergence times of P. ginseng/ P. quinquefolius (0.8 1.2 MYA) and P. ginseng/ P. notoginseng (3.5 5.2 MYA) [ 35, 36] were assigned to constrain the age of the Panax.
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The empirical KL divergence was derived here for GMMs, but in (19) and (20) we can also use HMMs to model the signals.
Since the cross-likelihood ratio test (empirical KL divergence) provided the best results, we can assume that the original samples contain information which is not included to GMMs.
By taking the logarithm of (20) we end up with a measure which is identical to the symmetric version of the empirical KL divergence (18), which is (21).
We observe that the resulting empirical Kullback-Leibler divergence can be written as (18).
Thus, empirical polymorphism and divergence data contain information on the distribution of scaled fitness effects, S, of new mutations.
The growing number of empirical examples supporting divergence with gene flow suggests that this mode of speciation might be more common than expected (Pinho and Hey 2010).
The empirical example is divergence analyses on RAG-1 DNA from 129 gnathostome taxa to compare the affect of two different sets of fossil calibrations.
Empirical examples of divergence with gene flow span a wide array of organisms (Pinho and Hey 2010), including salamanders (Niemiller et al. 2008), lizards (Rosenblum et al. 2007), plants (Osborne et al. 2013), and butterflies (Stölting et al. 2013).
Most SNPs represented rare variants; thus, data were then filtered by FST values to include loci showing high differentiation between LF and TRC (FST ≥ 0.57, an empirical threshold for divergence between cichlid genera) (Mims et al. 2010) as well as deviations from Mendelian segregation in the F2.
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