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It is important to distinguish between characterization, classification and empirical design method.
The California design method of flexible pavement is an empirical design method that uses a relative strength indicator known as the gravel equivalent, GE [10].
The AASHTO method of flexible pavement design is another empirical design method that uses a relative strength indicator known as the structural number, SN.
Chung et al. (2003) developed an empirical design method for steel beam with web openings of various sizes and shapes using generalized moment shear interaction curve.
An extensive parametric study using finite element method, a simple empirical design method applicable for perforated sections with web openings of various shapes and sizes is developed.
Based on principles, those methods can be classified into five categories including empirical design method, compressive strength method, close aggregate packing method and methods based on statistical factorial model and rheology of paste model.
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Finally, the empirical design methods controlling the relative stiffness ratio and the relative length ratio were proposed.
This evaluation included five published empirical design methods and CFD simulations featuring two different turbulence models (i.e., LES and RNG k-ε).
The classification systems used today should, strictly speaking, either be described as rock mass characterization systems or empirical design methods, as long as the outcome is not organized into classes.
For the purposes of developing a user friendly design procedure, the AASHTO design method is preferred over the more recent mechanistic-empirical design method, as the former is well known for its empirical approach.
In this paper the prevailing semi-empirical design method, used to predict design slamming pressures for high-speed craft and which is implemented in the scantling rules of the classification societies, is reconstructed and evaluated using numerical and experimental methodologies.
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