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An empirical description of wafer sagging during silicon epitaxy using a dish-shaped susceptor pocket is presented.
Accordingly, an empirical description of this parameter is proposed to improve the accuracy of thermodynamic SFE calculations.
It is very important to note here that this is an empirical description of grade migration that has been found useful in some situations.
Standard modelling was based on self-consistent calculation of the non-uniform electric field with empirical description of the electron capture (Thibaudeau et al., 1996 [1996.
As a simple empirical description of this process of grade migration, one can assign a probability, alpha, that for each photon event beyond the first, the piled event retains a grade consistent with a real photon.
Using an empirical description of the train energy consumption as a function of running times, the timetable design problem is modelled as a Mixed Integer Non-Linear optimization problem (MINLP) for a complete two-way line.
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Therefore most design work in this field is done by trial-and-error and empirical descriptions of limited experimental results.
Because the physics that underpin many minerals processing operations is often complex, many researchers find it convenient to give empirical descriptions of their experimental observations.
There is an urgent need for well-structured experimental data, including detailed empirical descriptions of parameters that are not the explicit focus of the study.
Common types of material behavior (Newton's law of viscosity, Fourier's law, Fick's first law) satisfy the differential entropy inequality automatically, but common empirical descriptions of chemical/biochemical reactions do not.
The term "fundamental equation" is often used in the literature to refer to empirical descriptions of one of four fundamental relations: internal energy as a function of volume and entropy, enthalpy as a function of pressure and entropy, Gibbs energy as a function of pressure and temperature, and Helmholtz energy as a function of density and temperature.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com