In the context of string theory, Peter Galison (1995) argues that mathematical constraints take the place of standard empirical constraints.
Loosely speaking, behaviorism is an attitude -- a way of conceiving of empirical constraints on psychological state attribution.
Instead, he demands that the agent's degrees of belief must be in sync with empirical constraints and that, conditional on these constraints, they must be equivocal, that is, as middling as possible.
These observations provide detailed empirical constraints for theoretical models and may be key to understanding how the various types of solar wind plasma are heated and accelerated.
Since producing work that is to a significant degree original requires considerable time and effort, there would be empirical constraints on those philosophers in their capability to produce original work.
Many of the research programs investigating particular cognitive capacities in different species raise philosophical questions and have implications for philosophical theories, insofar as they impose additional empirical constraints for naturalistically minded philosophers.
The take-home message is not that the methods of social psychology are without flaws, but that they are a useful and productive corrective to philosophical speculation unencumbered by empirical constraints.
These findings help to explain why highly variable measurements of channel steepness are reported from different locations and provide important empirical constraints on how climate shapes tectonically active landscapes.
As his later and more fully developed normative theory of democracy based on macrosociological social facts about modern societies shows, Habermas offers a modest and liberal democratic ideal based on the public use of reason within the empirical constraints of modern complexity and differentiation.
Nonetheless it may be true that once local material or empirical constraints are used to restrict the class of candidate theories to be compared with respect to the unification they achieve, something like counting basic assumptions or number of free parameters (or more plausibly something in the same spirit but more sophisticated) furnishes useful information about degree of unification achieved.
