The dominant political movement was Kemalist, after Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the great Turkish reformer who led the country's transition from a post-empire breakup to its national, secularist rise.
Upon that empire's breakup, Bidar fell to the nizam of Hyderabad in 1724.
The unifications of Italy and Germany removed the congeries of central European principalities that dated back to the Holy Roman Empire, while the breakup of eastern and southeastern Europe into small and quarreling states (a process that would yield the term balkanization) was not far advanced.
The first wave had lasted from the American revolution until the breakup of empires at the end of World War I; the second followed from decolonization after World War II.
Ironically, while it was these usurpations that led to the breakup of the Empire during the crisis, it was the strength of several frontier generals that helped reunify the empire through force of arms.
When the Soviet Union still existed, the Georgia Republic had a stranglehold on women's chess, and after the breakup of that empire, Russia took over.
With the breakup of the empire upon Alexander's death in 323 bce, control of the city passed to his viceroy, Ptolemy I Soter, who founded the dynasty that took his name.
Although Gibbon's best known treatment of Christianity is found mainly in the 15th and 16th chapters, no less significant are later chapters in which he traced the developments of theology and ecclesiasticism in relation to the breakup of the empire.
With building owners no longer able to refinance their properties and pull out cash, Mr. Macklowe and his son, William S. Macklowe, have only a month to repay $7 billion, work out a new deal with their bankers or risk the breakup of their empire.
The breakup of its empire heightened Britain's sense of eclipse, and in the wake of World War II, a cultural retrenchment of sorts took place, with writers as disparate as Alan Sillitoe, John Wain, Margaret Drabble and Barbara Pym turning out small, gently ironic works that eschewed grand ambitions.
It was followed by the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, the collapse of the Soviet empire in Eastern Europe and the breakup of the Soviet Union itself.
