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The first great empire of India, the Mauryan empire, arose in the 3rd century bce.
After an initial period of peaceful settlement the Pedi empire arose, built on a number of military conflicts with neighbouring peoples.
In mainland Southeast Asia, a new Burmese empire arose over the ruins of the old and continued its task of spreading Buddhism.
The Carolingian Empire arose in the last part of the period and subsequently the Frankish Kingdom of Italy took control of the Adriatic Sea's western coast extending to the Kvarner Gulf, while Byzantine control of the opposite coast gradually shrunk following the Avar and Croatian invasions starting in the 7th century.
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The wars of Sumer also laid bare another imperative of monarchy the drive for empire, arising from the need to defend and define frontiers by extending them and the need to find new means to pay for troops and weapons, whether by the plunder of an enemy or by the conquest of new lands, or both.
Dvaravati experienced political domination by neighbouring peoples on three separate occasions: in the 10th century, when the Burmese conquered the Mon state of Thaton west of the Tenasserim Yoma; from the 11th to the 13th century, when the Khmer empire (Cambodia) arose in the east; and finally, in the late 13th century, when Dvaravati was absorbed by the Thai empire.
After overthrowing the Parthian confederacy, the Sassanid Empire that arose from its remains pursued a more aggressive expansionist policy than their predecessors and continued to make war against Rome.
From the 13th to the 15th centuries, the last centuries of the Empire, there arose several works, including laments, fables, romances, and chronicles, written outside Constantinople, which until then had been the seat of most literature, in an idiom termed by scholars as "Byzantine Koine".
Whether this is some faint literary relic of empire or arises from the prestige of English as a world language, it is a confidence not shared by German or Egyptian or North American fiction writers.
After the dissolution of the Roman Empire, the idea arose of Europe as one large church-state, called Christendom.
Throughout history empires have arisen that flexed might and muscle to keep the world underfoot.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com