This estimate of total genic divergence implied by rates of gene duplication has been widely overlooked due to the pervasive emphasis on nucleotide divergence between orthologous genes.
Although the potential importance of non-adaptive divergence as a driver of speciation (non-ecological speciation) is gaining recognition [ 22- 24], the long-standing emphasis on adaptive divergence as the sole agent remains pervasive [ 25- 28], and it is difficult to prove the absence of any form of adaptation.
Shallow genetic divergences among several recognized species suggest that the E. neotenes complex may have been over-split by early workers due to an emphasis on phenotypic divergence, particularly between cave and surface populations.
In this paper we further investigate the design of high-order accurate approximations of spherical differential operators on the Cubed-Sphere with an emphasis on the spherical divergence of a tangent vector field.
We apply the space time conservation element and solution element (CESE) method to solve the ideal MHD equations with special emphasis on satisfying the divergence free constraint of magnetic field, i.e., ∇ · B = 0.
While this subgrouping method places emphasis on conservation and divergence in gene structure, the method used in Figure 1A is based on sequence similarity and probably better reflects the conservation and evolution in gene function.
In addition, we present here a comparison with experimental results on the dynamics of melting and forming of nematic domains from Ref. [ 11], with an emphasis on the critical divergence of the corresponding time scales on approach of the transition line.
In cases where sites express divergent developmental trajectories, they discuss how subtle and even seemingly benign differences between the pre-disturbance and post-disturbance environments can lead to starkly different ecological outcomes, with emphasis on potential mechanisms of ecological divergence.
In the research, a more detailed study of the 12 triads, each comprising a patient, a family member/friend and a care provider, was conducted with emphasis on points of convergence and divergence between their respective perspectives on the patients' recovery.
The author's emphasis on critical nodal points or "hot spots" for evolutionary divergence is central to our understanding of stability in the expression of morphological traits across populations and species.
