Young pups when isolated from the nest emit frequency-modulated tones in the high ultrasonic range (here called USIs), accompanied by clicks [29].
Currently available transducers emit frequencies of 10.0 MHz, 7.0 MHz, and 4.0 MHz with focal depths of 1.5 mm, 3.0 mm, and 4.5 mm, respectively.
By simulation, the influences of environmental geometric size, electromagnetic parameters, and emitting frequency on the signal intensity outside the pipeline are studied.
This relation suggests another advantage of increasing emitted frequency in addition to the advantages usually mentioned, i.e. efficient reflection from small objects, and increased resolution.
Estimated detection ranges still vary much less than emitted intensities, but some bats achieve almost twice as long maximum detection distances as other, mainly due to lower emitted frequency.
Stoke is a phenomenon that emitted frequency is lower than exciting frequency.
When an emitted frequency is higher than an excited frequency, this scattering is called as antistoke.
As CF bats approach an object, for a given emitted frequency, the returning echo will be of higher frequency (due to Doppler-shift).
The first stage (at least, after the atoms have been cooled close to absolute zero by more traditional methods) involves an optical "trap"—a set of lasers emitting frequencies of light that slow the atoms down.
In the absence of data from specific studies on emitted frequencies in operation and their impact on the sound quality around airports, this research must be conducted.
Most bats echolocate by emitting frequencies between 20 and 60 kHz (ranging from 9 to 212kHz) and the specific frequencies they use are a compromise between the costs associated with the likelihood of target detection and call attenuation.
