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The development trends and the decoupling indices of greenhouse gas emissions, material flows and land use from economic growth are depicted in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, respectively.
The data are summarized in Fig. 1 which records over time and in per capita terms the development trends of GDP, greenhouse gas emissions, material flows and land use.
In Table 1, countries are categorized by the degree of decoupling of economic growth from GHG emissions, material flows (MF) and land use (LU) during the period 1990 2011.
In the PBODS method presented in this study, CO2 emissions, material production costs, and the coefficient of variation (COV) of the inter-story drift ratio, which reflects the seismic performance, are set as the objective functions, and optimal designs that can minimize these three objective functions.
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The second of these steps is to determine the baseline carbon profiles of communities based on six sources of carbon emissions: materials, construction processes, stationary energy, transport, water systems and waste.
The sharp edges and vertical orientation make CNWs a potential field emission material [18 20].
Enhanced white-light emission is achieved from the nanocables, revealing that the ZnO/HfO2 Eu nanocables are efficient white-light emission material.
The model is validated by experimental results of devices with BaO as the buffer material and poly[2-methoxy-5(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy -1,4-phenylenevinylene] as the emission material.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess unique electrical, chemical, and mechanical as well as structural properties and are regarded as the most promising field emission material with low emission fields and good vacuum behaviors [5 14].
Coating the MCP nickel-chromium electrode with an additional high secondary emission material is employed to make a breakthrough on the collection efficiency.
Integrating different carbon allotropes, namely graphene and nanocrystalline diamond, into a hybrid structure is highly desirable for a synergistic approach envisaging a field emission material.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com