Those emissions hold true in parts of the tropics as well.
It must be noted that the reference of a cap for FM to a Party's overall base year emissions holds not logical ground and can be perceived as a political decision.
Similarly, anthropogenic O3 precursor emissions were held constant at the 1996 county-level U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA National Emissions Trendsds inventory; thus, no projected changes in anthropogenic precursor emissions were applied in the CMAQ projections of 2050s summer O3.
Anthropogenic emissions were held constant between the base case and the climate change case, but climate-sensitive biogenic and evaporative emissions were allowed to change in response to changes in climate.
Even if emissions are held to the level of pledges put forward ahead of the Paris deal, southern Europe would experience a "substantial" expansion of deserts.
The first of three meetings of the Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate, made up of the 17 countries with the largest greenhouse gas emissions, was held in Washington, D.C., on April 27 28.
Assuming precursor emissions are held constant, ozone concentrations are expected to increase in the United States as a result of climate change (CCSP 2008; Jackson et al. 2010).
On the basis of a limited number of modeling studies, climate change is likely to increase ozone concentrations in high-income countries when precursor emissions are held constant, leading to increased morbidity and mortality.
Given these uncertainties, projections suggest that climate change will increase concentrations of tropospheric ozone, at least in high-income countries when precursor emissions are held constant, which would increase morbidity and mortality.
A growing body of evidence indicates that O3 concentrations are more likely to increase than to decrease in the United States as a result of climate change, if one assumes that precursor emissions are held constant.
