The fluorescence emission passes the pinholes and is then deflected onto the camera by a dichroic beam splitter, which is situated between the two discs.
Fluorescent emission passes a 655 710 nm band-pass filter.
The emission passes through a dichroic mirror (680 nm shortpass) and is filtered by a multiphoton emission filter (FF01-680/SP-25, Semrock, Rochester, NY, USA).
Microsphere fluorescence was excited at 532 nm, and epifluorescence emission passed through a 535-nm dichroic beam splitter and a 550-nm long-pass filter.
In each wing fluorescence emission passed through a polarizer and a monochromator and was detected by a microchannel plate photomultiplier.
The AlexaFluor555 emission passed through a 580-nm low-pass filter (Chroma Technology Corp., Bellows Falls, VT) to one APD, and the Cy5 emission through a 680-nm low-pass filter to the second APD.
The emission passed through a dichroic mirror and was filtered by a set of short-pass Schott® optical glass filters (total thickness = 7 mm; BG-40, Schott, Mainz, Germany).
The emitted light passed emission band-pass filters ranging from 500 nm–550 nm and 650 nm–700 nm, respectively (Semrock, Rochester) and was projected onto a cooled EM-CCD camera (iXonEM DU-885, Andor).
Last week, the 2015 Paris Agreement to curb climate-warming emissions passed its required threshold to enter into force after India, Canada and the European Parliament ratified it.
"You can use the social cost of carbon to valuate whether or not different efforts to reduce emissions pass a cost-benefit test," Frances Moore, a doctoral candidate at Stanford University's School of Earth Sciences and co-author of the paper, told VICE News.
The calcein-positive live cells and EthD-1-positive dead cells were visualized using fluorescence microscope equipped with Zeiss filter set #46 (excitation band pass, 500/20 nm; emission band pass, 535/30 nm) and #20 (excitation band pass, 546/12 nm; emission band pass, 575 640 nm) and counted (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).
