Moreover, since the norm is transmitted to country i through migrants, we assume that the transmission depends on the intensity of emigration, i.e. depends on the emigration rate of workers with skill level s: N i, t s = m it s N A i, t s - I it s (4).
This practice can impact the global distribution of health workers by potentially reducing the emigration of health workers from destination countries for medical tourists and affecting the internal distribution of these workers.
Staffing problems include emigration of health workers, limited training opportunities, illness among health workers and increased demand for treatment [ 3- 5].
Given these disparities, investing in domestic health worker training and retention, and discouraging the emigration of health workers, has become vital to strengthening health systems in developing countries [ 1, 30].
Other research suggests there are some offsetting benefits to workers of all skill levels in countries experiencing emigration; high rates of emigration of skilled workers tend to encourage "human capital formation"—or education and training in the country of origin, for instance.
Amin and Fruend argue that although the emigration of skilled workers directly reduces their number, a higher emigration rate might increase the stock of skilled workers in an economy by increasing the individual incentive to become trained in a particular skill which is in demand abroad [ 30].
The emigration of skilled workers to the United States has doubled from the rates a decade ago.
The population of these small towns has been further depleted by the emigration of young workers.
Yet emigration of skilled workers may be a consequence rather than a cause of problems in the sending country.
Laissez faire economics would result in the evisceration of the productive sector, emigration of skilled workers and impoverishment of the masses.
