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In our common garden, seed size did influence emergence timing and survival, with larger seeds emerging earlier and surviving better from all collection sites; however, the response to selection in the restoration sites clearly shows higher survival of smaller seeded plants (Fig. 2).
On the other hand, spawning date can sometimes vary for reasons other than selection on emergence timing, such as habitat inaccessibility at a particular time or energetic demands on adults, and in such cases temperature-specific development rates might evolve (Tallman 1986; Tallman and Healey 1991).
Given the ecological importance of spring emergence timing and seedling size, wild plants that emerge earlier and have larger seedlings (from whatever source, e.g., crop alleles or other) will be expected to have greater survival, so that could augment wild fitness as a whole.
The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate tooth emergence timing between children positive and negative for HIV in the exposed and unexposed groups, respectively.
However, if changes in spawning date do not lead to optimal emergence timing, changing development rates would be the only evolutionarily mechanism to adjust emergence timing.
Emergence timing was not correlated with any trait in either year (Appendixes A and B).
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Combining traditional survey as well as subsurface methods suited for intensively worked paddy landscapes, we discuss the emergence and timing of multiple nucleated settlements as indicative of peer polity dynamics in the basin and examine the formation histories of large shell mound sites to highlight physical modifications that embedded central places during the Bronze Age period.
Indeed, a review of breeding populations derived from races of central Mexico reveals differences between highland and lowland types in photosynthetic rate, growth rate, timing of seedling emergence and flowering, stem color, and tolerance to frost, cold, drought and hail (Eagles and Lothrop 1994).
Because correlation coefficients among all traits were significant at P < 0.001 and ranged from 0.6125 to 0.955 (Table S1), we report a represented and moderately independent subset of traits (Lande and Arnold 1983): emergence percentage and timing, leaf length, and height.
A preliminary study showed that the timing of emergence and the percentages of emergence for roots and shoots from seeds collected in Tokarp Swedenn) and in Sapporo (Japan) did not differ between laboratories.
Random mating avoided assortative mating (e.g., early with early, late with late), which can bias heritability estimates, although there is no necessary correlation between timing of emergence in adults and the phenotypic trait measured, juvenile development time.
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