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In particular, the rapid emergence of sequence variation within T-cell epitopes provides clear evidence for host-driven immune selection during infection [20], [21].
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Emergence of sequencing and recombinant DNA technology led to the epitope-based advanced vaccination concept, i.e., small peptides (epitope) can stimulate specific immune response.
Unlike the manual SRT task, where the emergence of sequence-specific knowledge can be assessed using an indirect latency and/or accuracy based measure administered during training, sequence-specific knowledge was assessed by means of an 'old'(trained)/'new' untrained) recognition test administered after training (see Figure 1d).
The declining cost of genome and exome sequencing (hereafter referred to as 'sequencing'), release and marketing of clinical sequencing tests, and development of tools to facilitate the interpretation of genetic results, signal the emergence of sequencing as a clinical tool.
A significant finding of this work is the experimental demonstration that hierarchical suppression among many behaviors leads to the emergence of a sequence.
With the emergence of ultrafast sequencing technologies, a new era of DNA sequencing has recently started.
The high cost of mutation scanning techniques and conventional 'Sanger' sequencing has limited systematic searches for rare variants (40), but the recent emergence of clonal sequencing technology (41, 42) makes such work more cost effective.
Although several alternatives have been described since the emergence of EST sequencing projects, none has yet totally supplanted the use of bacterial vectors and Sanger sequencing.
The emergence of genome sequencing databases allowed dissecting the evolutionarily important gene families at a comprehensive and genome-wide scale.
With the emergence of genome sequencing, organisms are now seen as complex interactive systems.
A more complete understanding of genomic rearrangements underlying the emergence of prion sequences from a ZIP ancestor gene should be based on a comparison of all aspects of the respective genomic segments in multiple organisms.
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