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Mind is, under prevailing physical theories, described as an emergent phenomenon of certain kinds of complex biological structures like humans; but the emergence of mind from what is defined as wholly mindless requires a miracle (as Wright states).
But, the emergence of mind challenges the adequacy of this contemporary worldview (2004, 40 41).
Variants of the dichotomy between mind and matter range from their fundamental distinction at a primordial level of description to the emergence of mind (consciousness) from the brain as an extremely sophisticated and highly developed material system.
If one believes that the most fundamental physical entities (quarks, leptons, bosons, or whatever physics will ultimately settle upon) are devoid of any mental attributes, and if one also believes that some systems of these entities, such as human brains, do possess mental attributes, one is espousing some kind of doctrine of the emergence of mind.
One camp, which says that matter must precede the emergence of mind, is just as wobbly as the opposite camp, which holds that matter was created by some kind of universal mind.
As the American biologist Sewall Wright (1977) succinctly states: "Emergence of mind from no-mind is sheer magic".
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Coming back to the emergence of the mind from the brain.
The emergence of computational theories of mind and advances in the understanding of neurophysiology have contributed to a renewal of interest in consciousness, which had long been avoided by philosophers and scientists alike as a hopelessly subjective phenomenon.
Of course, the book is about his emergence from this state of mind — it's a traditional tale of self-finding which ends, traditionally, with a wedding, in which his confusions are resolved — but the contrast between the Obama of the book and the Obama visible to the world is nonetheless so extreme as to be striking.
In 1987, historian Robert Richards published an award-winning volume, Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behavior.
Readers with deeper historical interests may consult Robert Richards' authoritative (and award-winning) Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behavior (1987), which profiles developments in psychology, including moral thinking, in the nineteenth century.
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