And communities with emerging orphan issues need to prepare now for the upcoming challenges".
While the current HIV/AIDS orphan crisis has challenged existing family systems, data have emerged suggesting that HIV/AIDS orphans are affected at an individual level.
One plausible explanation is that the ancestor of the reptilian orphan KLKs, a trypsin-like proto-orphan KLK emerged in amphibia; a series of gene duplication and deletion events gave rise to KLK1-KLK15 that can be found in the contemporary genomes.
This trend was not observed for orphans that emerged on XR after the XL XR fusion, nor for old genes and is not due to an increased rate of orphan gain on XR.
Studies conducted in different eukaryotes showed that orphans emerge at high rates (Domazet-Loso et al., 2007; Wissler et al., 2013).
Yet, double orphan status also emerged as a predictor of reduced SV.
The composer emerges as an "orphaned, death-obsessed, outlaw, non-conformist, sullen misfit".
The only significant difference that emerged from the bivariate analysis was that orphans tended to live in households ('mixed' as well as 'orphan' households) containing more children than those of 'non-orphans'.
In light of the increased burden of orphan care, other models of care and support have emerged in sub-Saharan Africa to address the growing orphan crisis, including institutional care (orphanages) and community-based care [ 19- 22].
