As plants adapt to a changing environment and evolution of pathogens, expanded subfamilies of genes involved in plant defense may act as sandboxes from which some genes emerge as advantageous and are subjected to positive selection while some are not and become pseudogenes.
While the majority of MIP preparation methods are variants of chemical polymerization, the polymerization of electroactive functional monomers emerged as a particularly advantageous approach for chemical sensing application.
New possibilities for uniform data collection in several countries are emerging that are advantageous for the field of e-epidemiology [ 21, 22].
Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) has emerged as an accurate method for measuring BMD and is advantageous as it is less susceptible to confounding by skeletal size compared to dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) [ 11].
If successively more advantageous mutants emerge in the population over time, then the extent of heterogeneity is maintained at a lower level since the advantageous clones arise stochastically and decrease the average heterogeneity across the cancer cell population (Fig. 5).
The DXR-II family could have emerged under an ecological context that conferred a selective advantage to the emergence and maintenance of a functionally redundant enzyme, e.g. when gene dosage is selectively advantageous.
The memory transfer system, as seen in mammals, may have emerged rather recently during evolutionary history, and would have been especially advantageous to higher vertebrates that must process an enormous amount of information in their daily lives.
As in our simulation, individual genes that had emerged in the separated populations of red flour beetles had weak advantageous effects in the background of their own population, but caused a drastic fitness reduction in hybrids.
Low costs The manual on-site construction is especially advantageous in emerging and developing countries due to the common limitation of available equipment.
One of the facts that emerged was that most of the participants were marked by this dominant stigma despite having an advantageous social status, not originating from a country where HIV is endemic.
