Deep inclusion is captured not only by who is invited to join a decision-making process but also by how they are involved and by when non-elite stakeholders are involved.
Participation has made the quality of life in the countryside a common problem of intellectual elite, institutions of government and other stakeholders.
In sum, from the focal firm's perspective creating undirected interlocks is useful to establish a broad sphere of influence that includes the corporate elite as well as other external stakeholders such as governments.
The overwhelming positive reaction from multiple stakeholders from moms to opinion elites to the unleashing of this enterprise-wide narrative helped P&G dial it up again around the Special Olympics in the fall of 2010.
Conversely, they might also try and actively influence the corporate elite (as well as other important tied-to outside stakeholder) via its outside directors creating undirected interlocks.
By spreading capital broadly among new stakeholders, the plan would also prevent a sliver of Iraq's elite from becoming a new kleptocracy.
In view of the alienation between elites and all the rest, engaging the general public (laymen, NGOs, specialists, stakeholders) with deeper participation in the political process, is believed to strengthen the legitimacy of the decision-making process.
The Latvian strategies about adult education evaluation are presented and discussed at the light of 16 semi-structured elite interviews designed to elicit both opinions and suggestions from a small sample of selected stakeholders.
This sees risk management not as a closed (and often post hoc) activity, carried out by an expert elite on behalf of their policy-masters, but as a transparent and shared process amongst stakeholders.
CEOs such as Arison must recognize that the the traditional pyramid of authority and top-down, elite-driven, communications is no longer the ideal model for effectively communicating with key stakeholders.
