The effect of pH is shown to have the most significant impact on the bromate elimination; elimination efficiency and kinetics are tremendously bolstered at pH = 3, whereas the elimination of bromate is completely suppressed under alkaline conditions.
Countries in pre-elimination, elimination, and prevention of reintroduction can transition between these categories within a few years.
Aggregate data on confirmed malaria cases in countries in pre-elimination, elimination, and prevention of reintroduction were included in this study.
The WHO requests countries in stages of malaria pre-elimination, elimination, and prevention of reintroduction phases to systematically report on the origin (indigenous or imported) of cases.
A steadily increasing proportion of countries that were classified in stages of malaria pre-elimination, elimination, and prevention of reintroduction between 2007 and 2013 has been reporting indigenous and imported cases to WHO (Fig. 1).
First, should only countries in pre-elimination, elimination, and prevention of reintroduction report the origin of malaria cases, or should this be extended to all countries in the control phase?
Countries in the different stages of pre-elimination, elimination, and prevention of reintroduction are required to report the number of indigenous and imported malaria cases to the World Health Organization (WHO).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the path to malaria-free status is characterised by four progressive programmatic stages: control, pre-elimination, elimination, and prevention of reintroduction (Box 1) (1, 2).
This paper analyses 1) the proportion of countries providing data on the origin of malaria cases and 2) the origin of malaria cases in countries classified as being in the stages of pre-elimination, elimination and prevention of reintroduction.
For all countries classified as being in pre-elimination, elimination, and prevention of reintroduction in the year 2013, there has been a substantial decrease in the total number of indigenous malaria cases, from more than 15,000 cases reported in 2007 to less than 4,000 cases reported in 2013.
For the period 2007 to 2013, we aimed to report on 1) the proportion of countries providing data on the origin of malaria cases and 2) the origin of malaria cases in countries classified as being in the stages of pre-elimination, elimination and prevention of reintroduction.
