The USP2a antiapoptotic function seems to be related to its enzymatic activity, as the dose-dependent effects reported for USP2aMUT resemble those elicited by the empty vector clone.
Neither the motionless (chilled) nestmate, nor the empty snare elicited any of the eight behavioral reactions, either aggressive or rescue behavior, in any of the 9 tests each (i.e., 3 samples from each of 3 colonies) of these two conditions.
A recent proposal that (1,4,5 IP3 secondarily elicits Ca2+ entry by emptying an intracellular Ca2+ pool will be considered.
Before investigating the efficacy of the silver-loaded SCK NPs in an infection model, we sought to determine whether or not the empty SCKs elicited an inflammatory response, which would indicate undesirable toxicity.
In all of the above experiments, only negligible currents were elicited in cells transfected with empty vector (pcDNA), showing that the currents induced by membrane curvature are specifically mediated by Piezo1.
Whilst LTP, particularly in the dentate gyrus, is elicited through changes in novel empty space (Straube, Korz, Balschun, et al. 2003; Straube, Korz, Frey 2003; Kemp and Manahan-Vaughan 2007, 2008a), LTD appears to engage in a different form of novel information processing.
As before, only negligible currents were elicited in patches transfected with empty vector (pcDNA), even during test pulses preceded by a +5 mmHg prepulse, indicating the increase in current at lower pressures did not result from novel recruitment of endogenous mechanosensitive channels in HEK293t cells.
Additionally, limited expression of Or42a, as indicated by 2.5x lower responses to ethyl butyrate, may have contributed to the weaker responses to insect repellents elicited by Or42a expressed in the "empty neuron".
Safley et al. [ 94, 95] showed that empty microcapsules did not elicit an immune response and it was the presence of the xenogenic islets that attracted large numbers of leukocytes to the transplantation site.
This startling experience of ownership for a "hand" can even be elicited when participants are looking at nothing but empty space, provided that certain minimal conditions are satisfied, in particular the synchrony of stroking (Guterstam, Gentile, & Ehrsson, 2013).
