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Whilst narrative has been shown to be a fruitful context for eliciting language samples, assessments for adult users should be designed to suit the strengths, needs and values of adult signers with intellectual disabilities, using materials that are compatible with their life course stage rather than those designed for young children.
Further, they focus on enhancing motivation by using specific interventions like expressing empathy, avoiding argumentation, using key questions, reflective listening and eliciting language that promotes change.
In a "trait/ability-focused" approach, "context" refers to the methods for eliciting language performance, or in Bachman's (1990) words, "contextual features that determine the nature of language performance that is expected for a given test or test task" (p. 112).
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"It would be the same thing if I were still working at Starbucks, having to deal with a manager, and a shift manager," she said, along with customers that elicited language fitting of her lyrics.
We used a comic strip description task to elicit language samples from 30 participants with schizophrenia (SZ), 15 with moderate or severe FTD (SZ + FTD), and 15 minimal or no FTD (SZ−FTD), as well as 15 first-degree relatives of people with SZ (FDRs) and 15 neurotypical controls (NC).
These measures were designed so that the same visual stimuli elicited language, short-term memory or spatial responses.
Accordingly, tasks are designed to elicit language functions that are congruent with the results of questionnaires of teachers and students as well as those that are considered relevant based on the literature review by the project team.
Direct stimulation of the tract did not elicit language disturbance, and complete resection of the tract did not result in postoperative language deficits.
There's a strong reason that cancer in particular tends to elicit warfare language: it is so radically territorial in its actions.
But the trade dispute has elicited harsh language elsewhere, particularly in Brussels, where officials have angrily accused Washington of failing to abide by the global trading rules that bind all members of the trade organization.
In line with the CEFR, the TOPE espouses the leading role of functions and the speaking tasks are thus designed to explicitly elicit the language functions which students can demonstrate at various proficiency levels.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com