Behavioral sensitization is one of the experimental marker that a drug elicits dependence [ 25, 27, 36].
Collectively, these data indicate that although other protein quality control pathways can compensate for loss of CMA, their functions are not redundant as challenging cells with proteotoxic agents and drugs that alter organelle homeostasis elicits their dependence on intact CMA activity.
Growing evidence points to a link between receptor dynamics and the potential for drugs to elicit tolerance or dependence, especially for opioid receptors [ 28, 34].
However, transient JNK activation in response to physiological stimuli does not elicit neuronal apoptosis, reflecting a dependence upon other factors to activate the JNK-mediated apoptotic pathway [ 8].
In conclusion, our data indicate that the directing target sequence is not the exclusive deciding factor for type and extent of immune response elicited and emphasizes on the antigen dependence of immune enhancement strategies.
The method automates the acquisition of knowledge, thus reducing dependence on the knowledge elicited from human expert, which is usually a rate-limiting step.
Pulse protocols used to elicit macroscopic current and to determine the voltage-dependence of fast inactivation are shown in the insets of a and c, respectively.
The second experiment evaluated emotional reactions to three emotion-eliciting films containing BPD-specific content (sexual abuse, emotional dependence and abandonment/separation). Skin conductance level, heart rate, and subjective emotional response were recorded for each film.
Gasoline taxes aimed at discouraging dependence on foreign oil, for example, invariably elicit this accusation.
Odorants differ widely in their dependence on expression of different OBPs to elicit behavioral responses.
