Considering pure K point elevation instead of deviation comprising both elevation and depression decreased detection rates as expected (see Figures S1 and S2).
For example, a standard deviation elevation in uric acid was associated with a unit increase of 1.06 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.09) in body mass index, which increased to 1.43 (1.40 to 1.47) on adjustment for the other potential confounders (web fig 5).
Specifically, associations for a standard deviation elevation in uric acid were reduced to a hazard ratio for ischaemic heart disease of 1.16 (1.12 to 1.19), a change of 0.60 mm Hg (0.49 to 0.71) in diastolic blood pressure, and a change of 1.37 mm Hg (1.18 to 1.56) in systolic blood pressure.
The effect of slope gets stronger for higher standard deviations of elevation and the effect of the standard deviation of elevation, measuring the variation of elevation within a sub-watershed, gets stronger for steeper slopes.
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SD standard deviation, STEMI ST elevation myocardial infarction, NSTEMI Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction.
Values of the comparison single-number indicator, the standard deviation of elevation, were found in the range from 1.48 to 7.065 mm.
For stand density, there was an exponential increase in V that approached a threshold at stand densities exceeding 400 stems ha-1 (Figure 5). Figure 5 Partial response functions showing changes in outerwood stem velocity with variation across the range in (a) standard deviation of elevation, (b) percentage of first returns from the vegetation (above 0.5 m) and (c) stand density.
We used within-plot standard deviation of elevation to quantify topographic variability following Dufour and others (2006).
We independently adjusted the elevations of each cell to obtain different grid-wide mean elevations and standard deviations of elevation; this affected the temporal and spatial pattern of flooding.
And finally, deviation from mean elevation calculates the relative topographic position of the central point as the difference from mean elevation divided by the standard deviation of elevation, within a predetermined neighborhood.
