Although the combined criteria of elevated startle and elevated anxiety in the EPM after exposure to a mild stressor can predict impaired extinction and long-lasting elevated ASR, it is informative to determine whether either criterion alone has the same predictive power.
A similar study conducted in the United States showed that 20% of BE patients had elevated depression-related scores and 38% had elevated anxiety-related scores [ 24].
Clinically elevated anxiety is a common, impairing feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
Following an induction to make participants believed they had failed on a task, worriers showed poor performance, elevated anxiety, and greater cognitive interference than non-worriers.
Prostate cancer (PCa) patients have elevated anxiety and depression, often showing impairments in decision-making and weakened relationships with their partner and family.
The citalopram-treated male mice displayed elevated anxiety-like behavior in an open field test and lower locomotor activity in their home cage during the subjective night.
On the contrary, when ill, their symptoms keep changing hand-in-hand; i.e., during a depressive episode the experience of low mood is most of the time associated with the experience of low energy and elevated anxiety.
In the study of 52 women, ages 25 to 45, who had mildly elevated anxiety, moderate depression or high stress, those who performed Bikram (a 90-minute heated form of Hatha yoga) twice a week felt better (mood improved), looked better (pounds came off), and had better control over their anxiety.
Recently, we reported a strong positive correlation of increased neurogenesis and elevated anxiety-levels in running mice [10], which was also corroborated in rats [14].
In comparison with previous PWS mouse models, the Snord116del mouse has the smallest deletion and reproduces several major aspects of the human PWS phenotype, such as neonatal growth retardation, adult hyperphagia and hyperghrelinemia, elevated anxiety and motor learning deficiency [12].
