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The promoter is controlled by various regulatory elements that respond to environmental cues.
Actin stress fibers (SFs) are mechanosensitive structural elements that respond to forces to affect cell morphology, migration, signal transduction and cell function.
These sequences contain different classes of elements such as initiation elements that respond to early segmentation gene products, insulators and promoter targeting sequences (reviewed in [2]).
To look for regulatory elements that respond to type I IFN, we carried out an in silico analysis and identified putative ISREs and IRFEs within the upstream regions of several IFN-induced TRIM genes with matrix similarities exceeding 95% (Figure 5, and Table S1 with exact sequence and positions).
Pathways are essentially composed of elements that respond in tandem to perturbations.
Moreover, 30.0%% of them have elements that respond to auxin (AREF) and 21.3 % to brassinosteroids (BRRE).
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As a result, 251 genes had the cis-elements that respond to phytohormones, among which 209 genes had more than one phytohormone response cis-elements.
Sequence analysis of the HKIII promoter identified several putative regulatory elements that may respond to cAMP, AMPK, or HIF signal transduction.
Selective systems have a great number of elements that each respond at varying specificities to incoming signals [ 70].
The SlCaM1 gene promoter contained 15 elements that may respond to all these five hormones, while all other SlCaMs lacked elements responsive to one or several hormones.
For example, the promoter of nine OsCNGCs (2, 6, 8, 9 and 11 15) contain elements that may respond to all these hormones, biotic and abiotic stress, while others lack the elements responsive to ethylene and cytokinin (Table 3).
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