Compared to promiscuous A-to-I RNA editing in repetitive elements, site-specific editing in coding regions provides a rich source of genetic recoding that can influence protein function.
The identified candidate RNA regulatory elements (sites) were uploaded into the RegPredict Web server (http://regpredict.lbl.gov) [ 36] to perform comparative genomics-based analyses and reconstruction of the respective RNA regulons.
The rs13331 at the 3'UTR was located at a specific translation control element site (differentiation control element, DICE), indicating that it might control the translation of DLG4.
Putative NF- κB sites within the BCL-2 promoter were identified using transcriptional element site software (Schug and Overton, 1997).
Using reporter gene assays, we demonstrated that ERα activates FOXM1 transcription through an estrogen-response element site.
CREB also binds a cAMP-response element site in the promoter region of genes such as cytochrome C and Bcl-xl, which CREB has been shown to positively regulate [ 30].
Furthermore, both luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that FoxO1 directly bound to a FoxO-recognized element site within the FoxO1 promoter and contributed to the regulation of FoxO1 expression in response to FSH.
Eiler, a geologist from the California Institute of Technology, developed an expanded technique that involved the measurement of "carbonate clumped isotopes," which considered the distribution of oxygen and carbon isotopes among element sites in carbonate minerals.
