Let λ m be the rate of transcription per unit time, μ m the rate of mRNA decay (per mRNA per unit time), λ p the rate of translation (per mRNA per unit time), and μ p the rate of protein decay (per protein per unit time).
In other words, if elements are generally lost at an approximately constant rate per unit time, D, such that the fraction of a newborn cohort of elements remaining after t time units is e– Dt, the increase in the birth rate toward the past must exceed e D per unit time.
However, instead of treating the information transfer between dynamical systems components, we treat the transfer of information per unit time exchanged between two elements in an autonomous chaotic active network.
That is to say, the amount of each such element present is constant and the number that form per unit time is identical to the number that decay per unit time.
We denote the various cost elements incurred on different activities as follows: C V Cost per unit time of the server when he is on vacation; C V Cost per unit time of the server when he is in busy state; C H Holding cost of one failed unit per unit time in the system; C BD Cost of repairing of a broken down server per unit time.
In population dynamics, the functional response, which is a key element in all predator-prey interaction, is referred to the number of prey eaten per predator per unit time as a function of prey density.
Production rates are usually expressed as grams of organic carbon per unit area per unit time.
Units of power are those of work (or energy) per unit time, such as foot-pounds per minute, joules per second (or watts), and ergs per second.
The demand per unit time.
Shortage cost per item per unit time.
The holding cost per unit per unit time in OW.
