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Presumably these variants fall within cis-acting regulatory elements of genes residing nearby.
Functions of transcription factors require formation of specific complexes at particular sites in cis-regulatory elements of genes.
However, gene regulation is carried out by binding of protein products of transcription factors to cis-regulatory elements of genes.
In genomic DNA, G- and C-rich regions capable of forming G4/iMs are enriched in regulatory elements of genes, particularly around the transcriptional start sites (TSS).
As understanding of the contribution of coding sequence changes to disease becomes clearer, attention will focus on regulatory elements of genes.
Comparative genomics is a powerful way to identify conserved elements of genes and promoter regions likely to be essential for their function [ 35].
Similar(41)
Moreover it can in principle incorporate other elements of gene regulation different from TF like post-transcriptional regulation by means of differential mRNA stability [14], [15].
Most recently, a New RNA World has been recognized in current organisms, in which the RNA is an integral component of chromosomes and the different types of RNA are key regulatory elements of gene expression (e.g. [16]).
Regulatory elements of gene expression also showed evidence of positive selection along the human lineage.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are among the most important regulatory elements of gene expression in animals and plants.
Untangling the elements of gene order embedded in a genome represents a critical problem for comparative genomics [ 42].
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