For traditional 'volitionalism,' willings, volitions, basic tryings are, in Brian O'Shaughnessy's apt formulation, 'primitive elements of animal consciousness.'[1] They are elements of consciousness in which the agent has played an active role, and occurrences that normally have the power of producing the bodily movements they represent.
Animal hoarding adds the additional elements of animal waste and the emotional impact of seeing animals suffer.
In most cases, structural or regulatory elements of animal and human viruses represent the key elements in these systems, restricting their application to higher eukaryotic cells as host.
Moreover, E. faecium vanA genetic elements of animal origin have recently been proven capable of transferring to E. faecium strains of human origin in the intestine of human volunteers [ 15].
Those secondary structure elements of animal A-, D-, B-, E-, and B3- and fungal B- type cyclins, whose number of observed replacements significantly differed from the expected (p ≤ 0.01) in all three ancestral reconstructions (AAML, FASTML and ANCESCON), were included in the final analysis.
Thus, when there is no GIA, the off-diagonal element of animals i and j for the A matrix is a ij, and the off-diagonal element of animals i and descendant s t at the tth generation of animal j is a i s t.
The nature and size of attachments is a fundamental element of animal constructions.
Movement is a fundamental element of animal behaviour, and it is the primary way through which animals respond to environmental changes.
Acoustic signals are a vital element of animal communication and sympatric species may use private frequency bands to facilitate intraspecific communication and identification of conspecifics (acoustic communication hypothesis, ACH).
