The Active Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) is one of the 4 scientific payloads of Chang'E-3 (CE-3) Lunar Rover, of which the scientific object is to identify the elements of lunar soil and rock samples by a carried radioactive source to trigger and detect the characteristic X-ray from them.
The energy of the fluorescent X-ray depends on the elements of which the lunar soil consists, therefore we can determine elemental composition of the upper most lunar surface.
An ambitious attempt to discover the contents of a lunar crater by crash landing a spent rocket has revealed a "treasure chest" of elements on the Moon.
It was the first time that Lunar orbit rendezvous was proposed as part of a lunar landing concept.
Daily quality control was carried out by measurement of a Lunar phantom.
For instance, the tides have component oscillations with frequencies of half a lunar day, a lunar day, half a lunar month, a lunar month, half a year, a year, and so on.
The method ultimately employed, of a lunar-orbit rendezvous, was influenced strongly by the experience with Gemini 8, and there was an element of poetic justice in Armstrong being at the helm again for the first manned lunar landing attempt.
With the further implementation of a new calendar system for the Baha'i community this year, these holy days will now be observed according to a lunar element of the calendar and thus fall on consecutive days.
With the development of lunar exploration, a lunar global positioning system (LGPS) is demanded for both on-ground and in-flight lunar exploration missions.
In order to be able to derive the absolute abundance of elements by nuclear spectroscopy, lunar scientists need a good simulation code for transporting the GCR nuclei and secondary products in the lunar material.
