It is initiated by a double-strand cut in the target allele, catalyzed by a HEase encoded within the mobile element (reviews: [ 2, 3]).
Numerous archaeal rRNA introns contain the open reading frame for DNA endonuclease, which functions as a homing endonuclease to make the intron as a mobile element (reviewed in [ 38]).
Nevertheless, atrazine induced the expression of diverse estrogen target genes, recalling previous studies that demonstrated the recruitment of ERα by distinct compounds and growth factors to gene promoter sequences different from the classical estrogen response element (reviewed by Dudek and Picard 2008).
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Transcriptional regulation exerted by B cell specific transcription factors and cis elements (reviewed in [32], as well as microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation [33], [34], [35] contribute to this expression pattern.
The elements reviewed here only include the elements that have been studied (Fig. 1; Table 1).
Indeed, many different studies have shown that HCNRs are enriched in cis-regulatory elements (reviewed in Alonso et al. 2008).
As EGFR is concentrated into intralumenal vesicles, membrane cargoes destined for a range of other compartments are filtered away into tubular elements (reviewed in [ 27]).
DNA methylation is one of the most important mechanisms for the regulation of genetic information and one of the key mechanisms for silencing repetitive elements (reviewed in [ 25]).
Andrenomedullin expression is stimulated by cytokines and hypoxia and its promoter contains several putative hypoxia response elements (reviewed by Zudaire et al, 2003).
