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The watermarked vector y q is produced by quantizing each element of the host signal x with the quantizer indexed by the message bit to be hidden, i.e., y_{q,j}=Q_{j,b_{j}}(x_{j}),quad j=1,cdots,L (3).
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Finally, remyelination by the exogenous sialyltransferase expressing Schwann cells restored the normal distribution of paranodal and nodal elements on the host axons.
This chapter presents the elements of the host response in a simplified fashion.
It takes on elements of the host – in this case, a man".
The virus is effectively a rather diffuse organism and includes elements of the host.
These responses defined the major (essential) transcriptional elements of the host response to endotoxin that subsequently manifest the integrated systemic response.
In general, protein domains exposed on the surface of viruses play fundamental roles in infection by binding to cell receptors, promoting cell fusion processes, or interacting with elements of the host immune system [11], [15], [16], [32].
Other studies [16] [19] have illuminated the complexities of pathogen-host interactions and provided evidence supporting the hypotheses that intrinsic pathogen virulence factors, as well as specific elements of the host response make independent contributions to the development of clinical phenotype providing potential targets for future therapies [20], [21], [22].
Nevertheless, this finding highlights the power of an unbiased deep sequencing approach by not only facilitating detection of the viral pathogen but also enabling elements of the host response to be simultaneously interrogated, thus generating new hypotheses for analysis of host-pathogen interactions.
Neutrophils are key elements of the host defense against infection with P. aeruginosa (16).
Some areas of the genome have minimal host interactions, whereas other regions strongly interact with the innate and adaptive elements of the host immune response.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com