For example, previous research has reported that students educated at state grammar schools (that usually include some element of criterion-based selection for admission, in contrast to other types of state school) do not have poorer performance on the UKCAT, at A level, or in university compared to those receiving an independent (private) schooling [ 10].
The analysis should include addressing some or most of the elements of criteria for causation outlined by Hill [ 17]: 1. Strength of association: large relative risk, or odds ratio.
Tsiotsou (2006) examined the effects of perceived product quality (an element of intrinsic criteria) and overall satisfaction on purchase intentions using sport shoes products.
At present, hypotension is a core element of the criteria identifying septic shock.
The deviatoric stress state becomes an important element of any failure criterion used for rock materials.
Therefore, the deviatoric stress state becomes an important element of any failure criterion used for rock materials.
Although we were unable to identify a single study that encompasses all of the defined criteria, we were able to fulfill all 9 elements of the criteria by collectively analyzing multiple studies.
Third, elements of the criteria could be accrued over time such that individuals could fulfil criteria at a later time point even if they did not at the initial assessment.
The diagnostic category of BDS is based on the symptom groups pertaining to bodily distress and introduces symptom pattern recognition as a core element of the diagnostic criteria.
It is commonly agreed that fewer than three defecations per week is considered infrequent bowel movement and constitutes one element of the diagnostic criteria for functional constipation [ 10].
Examples of clinically evident tophi are provided in figure 2. Serum urate was considered a mandatory element of the classification criteria scoring system (ie, the score cannot be computed without a serum urate value).
