Exact(1)
GSTO2, a family member of the glutathione S-transferases, which are proteins involved in metabolizing xenobiotics and carcinogens, has been postulated to play role in COPD related to its involvement in arsenic biotransformation as arsenic is a chemical element of cigarette smoke (Mukherjee et al, 2006).
Similar(59)
The cadmium in cigarette smoke may exert a toxic effect that is independent of the combined effects of the non-cadmium elements of cigarette smoke.
Findings from this study demonstrate that consumer product perceptions can be influenced by elements of cigarette design, such as the presence and color of the filter tip.
In summary, study findings demonstrate that consumer product perceptions can be influenced by elements of cigarette design, such as the color of tipping paper used on the filter tip.
The study by researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health, released Wednesday, concludes that manufacturers have marketed brands to what it called a "vulnerable population" of adolescents and young adults by "manipulating sensory elements of cigarettes to promote initiation and dependence".
E-cigarette aerosol was not a source of exposure to carbon monoxide, a key combustion element of conventional cigarette smoke.
20 The implications of this body of research are clear: removing branding elements on cigarette packs reduces the appeal of cigarettes among adolescents at a time where risk for smoking initiation is at its highest.
The working temperature of the heating element of e-cigarettes is variable owing to the cooling of inhaled air flow [ 14].
Design elements of the cigarette pack are constructed to capture starter smokers, encourage brand-switching and brand loyalty and to expand market share.
This fraction of cigarette smoke only contains the particulate element, which constitutes approximately 5-10% of cigarette smoke by weight.
Trey Hudson of Oklahoma City, Okla., demonstrates how he drips nicotine solution onto the heating element of his tank-system e-cigarette.
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