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A fifth spacer has 20 nts identical to a sequence in the SCCmecN1 element encoded by a S. aureus clone associated with the epidemic spread of methicillin resistant infections among injection drug users.
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An introgression experiment indicated that diploid males were caused by elements encoded by the thelytokous genome.
Boundary elements, encoded by tRNA genes, insulate inner CenH3-chromatin from flanking heterochromatin.
Mice containing the Dnase1 transgenes were determined by Southern blot analysis, probing for the human CD2 promoter elements encoded by the vector (data not shown).
Gene expression and phenotypes result from a combination of effects of classical upstream promoter elements and terminator sequences, as well as regulatory elements encoded by the 5'- and 3'-UTRs and introns [ 1, 4- 7].
Silencing elements encoded by a lentiviral vector transcript were also used to demonstrate therapeutic effect in a recent study of lentiviral-mediated gene transfer for the treatment of sickle-cell disease.
These findings support our hypothesis that expression of a truncated human CD22 that lacks the signal transduction elements encoded by Exons 12 14, as it occurs in CD22ΔE12+ ALL, would confer B-lineage leukemia and lymphoma cells with a selective growth advantage.
If this hypothesis is correct, interaction with the mechanisms of defense against alien genetic elements encoded by various Prokaryotes may be also responsible for permutations of entire domains within type I and type III RM systems and a plethora of combinations of various domains in many "non-classical" RM system subtypes (review: [ 12]).
The DNA breaks and joins necessary for transposition are catalysed by an element encoded protein referred to as transposase.
In terms of the mechanisms underlying endogenization, it has been proposed that integration of viral sequences into host genomes could be facilitated by transposable element encoded enzymes (Geuking et al. 2009; Taylor and Bruenn 2009; Horie et al. 2010), DNA repair mechanisms (Bill and Summers 2004) or viral proteins, (Belyi et al. 2010).
In the improved fuzzy vault, scheme genuine and chaff feature elements are encoded by a monic polynomial of degree (t=|hat {mathbf {P}}|).
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