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Massive stars above about 25M⊙, depending on their heavy element abundance, commonly produce stellar black holes in their supernova explosions.
We describe the scientific case for and preliminary design of an instrument whose primary goal is to determine the chemistry (element abundance) and mineralogy (compound identity and abundance) of Titan's surface using a combination of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
A comparison of element abundance in the A horizon with the environmental soil guidelines in Mexico showed that the natural concentrations of the studied soils were lower than the established threshold for soil restoration with the exception of V and As.
Antarctic weathering of AMMs has been suggested by major element abundance (Terada et al., 2001).
Figure 2 Rare earth element abundance in Marcellus Shale outcrop (open symbols; N = 12 for all analytes) and core samples (closed symbols; N = 6).
By time the Universe is just one billion years old, the most distant objects we can measure the heavy element abundance for have huge amounts of carbon: as much as our own Solar System contains.
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This low degree of equilibration is consistent with the siderophile element abundances in Earth's mantle.
The trace element abundances are determined by the APEC_TRACE_ABUND xset keyword (the default is 1.0).
Galactic structure, interstellar medium, molecular clouds, HI and HII regions, star formation, and element abundances.
Until recently, more was known about element abundances in distant stars than in Earth's nearest neighbour, the Moon.
A galaxy's globular clusters can provide a measure of a galaxy's element abundances, and how they vary.
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