To ensure optimal band resolution, the electrophoretic run was carried out in a minigel slab apparatus (Bio-Rad), using TGS running buffer (25 mM Tris HCl, 192 mM glycine, 0.1% SDS, pH 8.3).
Considering a microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography method (MEEKC), the performance of the electrophoretic run depends on the proportions of mixture components (MCs) of the microemulsion and on the values of process variables (PVs).
The obtained data were used to develop MPV models that express the performance of an electrophoretic run (measured as peak efficiencies of Q10, AA, and FA) in terms of the MCs and PVs.
Fig. 2 Gel electrophoresis analysis (a) and zeta-potential (b) of the GNRs/DNA complexes as a function of W along with the ESEM analysis (inset of b). Figure 2a (second well on the right) shows that the GNRs dispersion was not affected by the electrophoretic run since GNRs are positively charged due to the presence of the CTAB bilayer.
Briefly, proteins were analysed on 12 % polyacrylamide slab gels in the buffer system 24.8 mM Tris 192 mM glycine in the presence of 0.1 % SDS and electrotransferred onto PolyVinyliDene Fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Bio Rad) at 200 mA for 2 h at 4 °C, in the same buffer used for the electrophoretic run with 0.025 % SDS.
The DNA molecules, being negatively charged along their length, migrate toward the positive electrode, thus resulting separated according to their length during their electrophoretic run, since pores in the agarose matrix allow short DNA molecules to sneak through more easily than the long ones.
Borate buffers at all the different pHs studied had delayed buffer exhaustion of 100 minutes, a property making borate buffers appropriate for extended electrophoretic runs.
From the 106 markers used, data from 10 were excluded because of inconsistency across electrophoretic runs; a list of these microsatellites and their primer sequences is available in Table S1.
Moreover, the absence of this band in both phases of growth supports the notion that the apparently different mobility observed between lanes in Figure 1 was only an artifactual effect of the electrophoretic run.
We saw significant improvements using conditions (lithium borate 10 mM cations, pH 6.5) favoring the formation of borate polyanions and having lower conductance and Joule heating, delayed electrolyte exhaustion, faster electrophoretic run-speed, and sharper separation of DNA bands from 100bp to 12 kb in a single run.
