These sophisticated machines use electronic traction control systems with sensors for engine speed, wheel speed and lean angle.
To keep this extra power under control, BMW gave the S 1000 RR a street version of the electronic traction control systems that keep MotoGP race bikes from spitting their riders into low-earth orbit.
Safety features, such as frame reinforcements, airbags, antilock brakes, and electronic traction control systems have made the cars heavier Improved engine performance has focused on boosting horsepower rather than fuel economy.
The first customer-ready new Ford Expedition, the one with the electronic traction-control system and all-new chassis, rolled off the assembly line at the Michigan Truck Plant in Wayne, Mich .in March.
In accordance with the rules of Grand-Am, there is no antilock braking system or electronic traction control aids, and the engine has been detuned to produce fewer horsepower: about 500 compared with 563 in the street model.
An anti-lock brake system, combined with electronic traction control, is part of an optional handling package.
The downside, though, is that four-wheel-drive systems -- often aided by electronic traction control -- can give drivers a false sense of security, enabling them to churn through the snow while others are stuck spinning their wheels.
Besides these goodies, the Kalahari is the same as an SE same 188-horsepower, 4.0-litre aluminum V8 engine, four-speed auto transmission, all-wheel drive, dual-speed transfer case, hill descent control (HDC), four-wheel electronic traction control (4ETC) and a four-channel, all-terrain anti-lock braking system (ABS).
The complete architecture of the traction control system is reported in Figure 10. Figure 10 Architecture of the traction controller.
