Sentence examples for electron stages from inspiring English sources

It is known that the configuration interactions provide also any splitting of core electron stages for transitional elements [20].

The similar "ML multiple splitting" (Fig. 13, ΔE = 2.6 15.8 eV) is evidently a result of charge-induced splitting of solid core electron stages.

Karaziya in his review [25] justifies that the electron collapse which may be realized as a charge-induced, ionization, or excitation (shake-up) effect in interfaces causes substantial reinforcement of the role of electrostatic interaction between ionized electron stages.

So, the finishing peak-to-peak distances of ΔE = 3 ± 0.5 eV for the complexes of MLs (Fig. 13) may be caused by in situ final splitting ionized electron stages for iron film at the moment of ML disappearance.

As may be predicted for ions, the changeable resulting splitting for their electron stages takes place due to quadratic Stark effect in the field which varied with residual surface charge.

There are the electron probe ionization and screening of ionized core stages, an accumulation of space charge with the multiple splitting of core electron stages for intense enough probe impact, interatomic shake-up excitations in interfaces, and charge-induced changeable interatomic shifting of discrete electron levels.

It was found that in BMImBr CuBr2 mixture Cu II) reduced to Cu(0) on tantalum and titanium electrodes by two one-electron stages.

The first one-electron stage ranging from − 1.1 to − 1.9 V leads to free-radical species in which the density of the unpaired electron is located predominantly at the indandione moiety (radicals of the semidione type) although the pyridinium moiety is also involved.

Our complementary analytical theory and ab initio simulations demonstrate that the high momentum of the strongly confined graphene plasmons enables the generation of high-frequency radiation from relatively low-energy electrons, bypassing the need for lengthy electron acceleration stages or extreme laser intensities.

However, it is only possible to measure small sample sizes by EBSD depending on the scanning electron microscopy stage, and moreover a time-consuming surface preparation is needed.

Recently, an in situ growth profile in real time for tungsten oxide nano-wires was followed by Kasuya et al. (2008) [23] by injecting ultra-small flow-rates of O2 on a heated tungsten surface placed on a scanning electron microscope stage.