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This is because the electron radius is shrunk by the magnetic field.
The expectation value of the electron radius is approximately R in our model.
This is because the Coulomb repulsion between electrons tends to increase the expectation value of the electron radius.
From a plot of measured g and R values for the near-Dirac particles electron, proton, triton, and helium-3 an electron radius Re ≈ 10-20 centisextrapolatedapolatextrapolated
When the QD radius a increases and becomes a > > a ex 0, where a ex 0 = 2 ε 1 ε 2 ε 1 + ε 2 · ħ 2 μ 0 e 2 (1)is the two-dimensional Bohr electron radius [e is the electron charge, μ 0 = m e 1 m h / ( m e 1 + m h the reduced mass of the electron hole pair (spatially separated electron and hole)], the QD-matrix spherical interface becomes flat.
There is a physical constant called the "classical electron radius", with the much larger value of, greater than the radius of the proton.
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Three-dimensional simulations are used to study the effects of varying the electron beam radius and angular spread to enhance FEL gain and efficiency.
The asymmetry of the potential structure is recognized, although it is not as clear as in Fig. 11(b), due to the large electron Larmour radius.
It shows that the magnetic field control of the surface charging of the non-magnetized obstacle is significant, as long as the electron Larmour radius is smaller than the size of the obstacle.
On the other hand, a point-like electron (zero radius) generates serious mathematical difficulties due to the self-energy of the electron tending to infinity.
The ISP relies on the large difference between the ion and electron gyro-radii (ρi/ρe ∼ 60) to reduce electron collection at a collector recessed at a distance ∼ρi behind a separately biased wall.
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