Sentence examples for electron levels and from inspiring English sources

This means that there is a large gap of forbidden states between the energy of the highest filled electron levels and the energy of the next highest unoccupied level.

I argue that the authors' interpretation is largely unwarranted because it neglects the spin orbit multiplicity and the branching ratio of XPS signals arising from electron levels with l > 0, and the fact that XPS peaks of given electron levels and given chemical species possess precise full with at half maximum (FWHM) values, and binding energy (BE) values.

The incorporation of fluorine into the carbon network results in orange emission (∼2.03 eV) due to the transitions between fluorine-related electron levels and σ* states, and the red emission (∼1.97 eV) results from the recombination of carriers in the valence π and conduction π* states.

Other papers concern the interacting state of electrons with light (polaritons) and the effect of the coupling of electrons with lattice vibrations, with emphasis on the thermal behaviour of the electron levels and on such experimental procedures as piezospectroscopy.

Manipulating so much DNA is painstaking work, often causing uncontrollable random errors; DNA molecules interact on an electron level and tend to self-organize.

The strong correlation between the processes of different phenomenological levels is pointed out as follows: induced interatomic electron excitation (electronic level) and changeable spatial orientation of atomic pairs (quasi-mechanical one).

However, the 6d electron levels are also destabilized, and may still be able to participate in chemical reactions in flerovium (but not the later 7p elements), which might allow it to behave in some ways like transition metals and allow higher oxidation states.

The range of photoelectron energies, accepted by the spectrometer, varies from 0 up to several thousand electron volts, so that the analyzer can be used for studies of both valence and core electron levels.

For example, in the early 1960s, semiconductors with impurities which provide electron levels inside a semiconductor bandgap and induce IR transitions from localized impurity states to conducting states received significant attention.

Due to larger effective mass of holes compared to that of electrons, the hole energy levels are closely spaced than the electron energy levels and holes are less confined than the electrons in the as-grown sample.

Differences for other electron levels also exist.