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The dead time, corresponding to the duration between the electron incidence and the peak-hold reset, is ~ 10 μs.
In this paper, relationships between PSF and beam energy, target thickness and electron incidence angle were investigated via Monte Carlo simulation.
The ionization rates are presented us Look-up Tables for vertical, isotropic and angular distributions for 15°,30° and 45° angles of electron incidence.
HEP also has an interface for the software wave-particle interaction analyzer (S-WPIA) clock signal, which is used to determine the electron incidence timing and generate packets for the wave-particle analyzer software included in the mission data processor (Hikishima et al. 2018).
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Reducing secondary electrons incident to the detector having an integrating circuit, a voltage step corresponding to incidence of single secondary electron was observed.
The structural properties were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, grazing incidence small angles X-ray scattering, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies.
Blistering processes on crystalline silicon surfaces were observed in situ by grazing incidence electron microscopy (GIEM) under deuterium (D+) and helium (He+) ion irradiation.
The depth distributions of hardness, nitrogen, and crystallographic phases in the diffusion zone of plasma nitrided AISI H13 steel were determined by microindentation, electron microprobe, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Additional atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering characterization, and device performance.
The mesostructured films have been analyzed using an extensive range of techniques including electron microscopy, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), and N2 sorption measurements, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
In this paper we present a method to compute ionization rates induced by relativistic electron precipitation with arbitrary incidence.
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