It was found that in quiet conditions a stable fine spatial structure of quasi-trapped electrons exists with maximum of fluxes near L = 6.78 and MLT=12.
Our data provide some evidence of an alternative hypothesis proposed by Shukla et al., 37) in which a network of delocalized electrons exists within the hydrogen-bonded backbone.
If the framework was empirical, existence questions, such as whether electrons exist, were to be answered through observation according to the rules of confirmation and disconfirmation introduced by the framework.
For example, it's quite difficult to prove that atoms and electrons exist.
Understood in this way, one can't even say that God "exists" in the sense that my car or Mount Everest or electrons exist.
What's more, as quantum particles, electrons exist as a collection of probabilities rather than at specific locations, so a better picture is to show the electrons as a set of fuzzy shells around the nucleus.
In practice, most research is focused on only one particular band gap that which encloses the Fermi level (the energy level at which electrons exist or are below when a solid is at absolute zero temperature).
However, even if my students cannot prove for themselves that atoms and electrons exist, even if they cannot grasp the mathematics of Einstein's proof, I can point them to the fact that the physical world behaves as if our theories about these entities were true.
Quantum mechanics require that for fast electron exchange to take place, electrons in a particle outside the double layer (e.g., a hydrated ion at the outer Helmholtz plane) must attain certain well-defined quantized energy levels equal to those in which free electrons exist in the metal.
Working with Ernest Rutherford to investigate the structure of the atom, Bohr developed a model of the atom in which electrons existed in shells around the nucleus.
